Quality Data for Journalists and Researchers |
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Note: Also, check out this page for
the latest drug policy-related research news
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Toward a Global View of Alcohol, Tobacco, Cannabis, and Cocaine Use: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
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Degenhardt, et al., PLoS Medicine Journal, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2008
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"Globally, drug use is not distributed evenly and is not simply related to drug policy, since countries with stringent user-level illegal drug policies did not have lower levels of use than countries with liberal ones."
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Parents in Prison and Their Minor Children
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Bureau of Justice Statistics, US Department of Justice, August 2008
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"An estimated 809,800 prisoners of the 1,518,535 held in the nation's prisons at midyear 2007 were parents of minor children, or children under age 18. Parents held in the nation's prisons – 52% of state inmates and 63% of federal inmates reported having an estimated 1,706,600 minor children, accounting for 2.3% of the U.S. resident population under age 18."
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CRS Report for Congress: International Drug Control Policy
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Congressional Research Service, June 23, 2008
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"This report provides an overview of U.S. international drug control policy. It describes major international counternarcotics initiatives and evaluates the broad array of U.S. drug control policy tools currently in use. The report also considers alternative counterdrug policy approaches to international drug control initiatives and raises several counterdrug policy issues and considerations for policy makers."
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Prisoners at Midyear 2007
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Bureau of Justice Statistics, US Dept. of Justice, June 2008
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This report on state and federal prisoner populations was formerly part of the Prisoners and Jail Inmates at Midyear report series.
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Jail Inmates at Midyear 2007
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Bureau of Justice Statistics, US Dept. of Justice, June 2008
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This report on jail inmate populations in the US at midyear 2007 was formerly part of the Prisoners and Jail Inmates at Midyear report series.
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One in 100: Behind Bars in America 2008
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Pew Center on the States Public Safety Performance Project, Feb. 2008
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"Three decades of growth in America's prison population has quietly nudged the nation across a sobering threshold: for the first time, more than one in every 100 adults is now confined in an American jail or prison. According to figures gathered and analyzed by the Pew Public Safety Performance Project, the number of people behind bars in the United States continued to climb in 2007, saddling cash-strapped states with soaring costs they can ill afford and failing to have a clear impact either on recidivism or overall crime."
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"Outcomes of a Prospective Trial of Student-Athlete Drug Testing: The Student Athlete Testing Using Random Notification (SATURN) Study"
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Goldberg, Linn, MD, et al., Journal of Adolescent Health, Vol. 41, No. 5, Nov. 2007
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This research article reports the findings from the first prospective randomized control trial of student drug testing programs, the Student Athlete Testing Using Random Notification (SATURN) program. According to the research, "student-athletes in DAT [Drug and Alcohol Testing] schools reported less positive attitudes, after the policy was instituted, consistent with our pilot study findings. At the final assessment, DAT athletes believed less in the benefits of drug testing, believed less that testing was a reason not to use drugs, and reported that school officials were less opposed to drug use than the students at comparison schools." Further, "no differences were noted at any of the four follow-up time points for past month indices of use of drugs or use of drugs and alcohol."
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Prisoners 2006
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US Justice Department's Bureau of Justice Statistics
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This US Justice Department report provides statistical information about federal and state prisoner populations at yearend 2006. This report also provides a breakdown of offense type.
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GAO Report: Residential Treatment Programs – Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth
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US Government Accountability Office
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This report from the USGAO examines thousands of allegations of abuse of young people at residential treatment programs around the US, and closely examines several specific cases of deaths at these programs.
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Drugs and Crime in Ireland - Overview 3
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Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland, 2006
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This publication from the Drug Misuse Research Division of
Ireland's Health Research Board provides a comprehensive review of the relationship between drugs and crime. (The HRB is a statutory body with a mission to improve health through research and
information.)
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SACPA Cost Analysis Report, First and Second Years
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Douglas Longshore, PhD, et al., UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs,
Prepared for the Dept. of Alcohol and Drug Programs, CA Health and Human
Services Agency, March 13, 2006.
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This report examines the cost offsets and the benefit-cost ratios of the Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act
(SACPA) [Proposition 36].
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Treatment Instead of Prisons: A Roadmap for Sentencing and Correctional Policy Reform in Wisconsin
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Justice Strategies
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Study commissioned by Drug Policy Alliance focusing on the impact of possible criminal justice reforms in the state of Wisconsin. The report calls for establishment of a problem-solving court that targets prison-bound individuals with severe addiction problems and expansion of local alternatives to incarceration using a mix of state grants, community corrections subsidies and state purchase of local services for probation and parole. Issued Jan. 2006.
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Prisoners In 2004
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US Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics
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Annual report providing detailed demographic information about
the nation's prison population, including the number of offenders
in state and federal prisons serving time for drug offenses.
Issued in Oct. 2005.
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Criminal Victimization, 2004
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US Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics
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The victimization survey is the nation's primary source of information about the
frequency, characteristics, and consequences of vicimization among individuals
12 and older, and property crime in the United States. It has been conducted
continuously since 1973.
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European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD)
— Summary of 2003 Findings
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ESPAD is coordinated by Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs
with support from the Swedish Government and The Pompidou Group of the Council of Europe
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This publication summarizes the results of the 2003 European School Survey
Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). Students in 35 countries
across Europe were surveyed on behaviors including cigarette smoking,
alcohol consumption, drunkenness and use of illicit drugs.
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Efficacy & Impact: The Criminal Justice Response To
Marijuana Policy In The US
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Justice Policy Institute, Washington, DC, August 2005
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This policy brief measures the efficacy and the impact of US national
drug control policies. Law enforcement has been at the center of federal
spending on criminal justice responses to drug use for decades. Yet leading
national indicators of drug use and drug violations show that there is no
clear relationship between drug arrests and drug use, and that the impact
of increased arrests, convictions and incarcerations of people for
marijuana offenses has significant and measurable collateral consequences
on communities and individuals.
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Methamphetamine Interagency Task Force: Final Report
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U.S. Department of Justice, Office of National
Drug Control Policy, U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services, & U.S. Department
of Education, January 2000
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The Methamphetamine Interagency Task Force was established by the
Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act passed by the US Congress in
1996. Between 1998 and 1999, this federal task force explored and documented
methamphetamine use, trafficking and production in the US and developed
an advisory report that outlined a set of principles, needs and recommendations,
and research priorities. The aim was to inform the implementation
of a national strategy responding to methamphetamine use.
The task force emphasized that the strategy
to be developed should be comprehensive
and interdisciplinary. That is, it should fully
integrate the work of the various levels of
government—local, State, and Federal partners
in law enforcement, health, education,
and other disciplines—and should be based
on scientifically sound research, best practices,
and programs that have proven 'what works.'
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Evaluation of the Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act 2004 Report
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Douglas Longshore, PhD, et al., UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs,
Prepared for the Dept. of Alcohol and Drug Programs, CA Health and Human
Services Agency, Aug. 4, 2005.
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This is the third in a series of annual reports from the independent
statewide evaluation of the Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act
(SACPA) [Proposition 36] prepared by UCLA Integrated Substance
Abuse Programs for the California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs.
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Preventing Harm From Psychoactive Substance Use – Draft Plan
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City of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, June 2005
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"When A Framework for Action: A Four Pillar Approach to
Drug Problems in Vancouver was adopted by City Council in 2001,
Vancouver committed to developing a comprehensive strategy based on
the best evidence available to address harmful drug use in the city.
In public meetings across the city, citizens called for a more focused,
coordinated and sustained approach to addressing drug related issues.
. . . . This plan highlights both the complexity and centrality of prevention
in any discussion of a comprehensive Four Pillar approach to harmful drug
use." "This plan recommends that regulation of currently
illegal substances should be considered with the goals of increasing
our ability to prevent harm to individuals and communities from substance
use and of eliminating the involvement of organized crime in these drug
markets. We propose that the Federal Government proceed in this direction
by first tackling the regulation of cannabis, next evaluating the
results and finally moving incrementally to bring more currently
illegal substances into regulatory frameworks."
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"Treating Doctors as Drug Dealers: The DEA's War
on Prescription Painkillers," by Ronald T. Libby
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Cato Institute Policy Analysis, No. 545, June 16, 2005
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"Since 2001 the federal government has similarly accelerated
its pursuit of physicians it says are contributing to the alleged
rising tide of prescription drug addiction. By demonizing physicians
as drug dealers and exaggerating the health risks of pain
management, the federal government has made physicians scapegoats
for the failed drug war."
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"Update: Syringe Exchange Programs — United States, 2002,"
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 54, No. 27, July 15, 2005
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US Centers for Disease Control
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This issue of MMWR features the results of an updated survey of US
syringe programs. The survey, performed in 2002 by staff from the
Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City and the North
American Syringe Exchange Network (NASEN) found that
"In 2002, for the first time in 8 years, the number of SEPs,
the number of localities with SEPs, and the amount of public
funding for SEPs in the United States decreased; however, the
total number of syringes exchanged and total budgets for all
SEPs surveyed continued to increase."
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Evaluation of the Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act 2003 Report
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Douglas Longshore, PhD, et al., UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs,
Prepared for the Dept. of Alcohol and Drug Programs, CA Health and Human
Services Agency, Sept. 23, 2004
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This is the second in a series of annual reports from the independent
statewide evaluation of the Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act
(SACPA) [Proposition 36]. Prepared by UCLA Integrated Substance
Abuse Programs for the California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs,
the report covers the second year of SACPA (July 1, 2002 to June 30, 2003)
and compares findings across the first and second years.
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Evaluation of the Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act 2002 Report
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Douglas Longshore, PhD, et al., UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs,
Prepared for the Dept. of Alcohol and Drug Programs, CA Health and Human
Services Agency, July 7, 2003
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This is the first report of findings from the evaluation of the
Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act (SACPA) [Proposition 36].
Prepared by UCLA for the California Department of Alcohol and
Drug Programs, the report focuses on implementation of SACPA in the
state's 58 counties during the year beginning July 1, 2001
and ending June 30, 2002.
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Substance Dependence, Abuse, and Treatment of Jail Inmates, 2002
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US Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, July 2005
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This report presents data from the 2002 Survey of Inmates
in Local Jails on inmates' prior use, dependence, and abuse
of alcohol and illegal drugs. The report also provides data on
types of substance abuse treatment or other programs reported
by jail inmates. It presents measures of dependence and abuse
by gender, race, Hispanic origin, age, and most serious
offense. The report compares the levels of prior substance
use, dependence, abuse, and treatment by selected
characteristics, such as family background, criminal
record, type of substance, and offense. Tables include
trends in the levels of substance use and treatment reported
by jail inmates since the last national survey was conducted
in 1996.
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Drug-Related Crime and Disorder: Practical Policy
Options – Reducing Criminal Justice Exposure Through Early Intervention
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King County Bar Association Drug Policy Project
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The
KCBA Treatment Policy and Funding Task Force was formed to
consider policies and programs to reduce the extent to which
detention, prosecution, adjudication and incarceration are
applied to persons whose involvement with the criminal justice
system could be alleviated by effective substance abuse treatment.
This set of recommendations issued in May 2005 includes reforms
that intervene at early stages of criminal justice system
involvement, relying less extensively on legal sanctions and
more on motivating persons to participate in treatment with
minimal criminal justice oversight.
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UK Government Strategy Unit Phase 1 Report: Understanding The Issues
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Strategy Unit, Office of the Prime Minister, United Kingdom
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This UK study of drug policy was withheld from the public for 2 years.
Only half of it was officially released under pressure from media;
the second half was leaked days later.
The Guardian reported on
July 5, 2005, that "The profit margins for
major traffickers of heroin into Britain are so high they outstrip
luxury goods companies such as Louis Vuitton and Gucci, according
to a study that Downing Street is refusing to publish under
freedom of information legislation. Only the first half of the
strategy unit study led by the former director general of the
BBC, Lord Birt, was released last Friday (July 1, 2005).
The other half was withheld but has been leaked to the Guardian.
It says that the traffickers enjoy such high profits that seizure
rates of 60-80% are needed to have any serious impact on the
flow of drugs into Britain but nothing greater than 20% has
been achieved. The study concludes that the estimated UK annual
supply of heroin and cocaine could be transported into the
country in five standard-sized shipping containers but has
a value which at a conservative estimate tops AUKP4bn."
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State Estimates of Substance Use from the 2002-2003 National Surveys on Drug
Use and Health
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US Dept. of Health and Human Services/SAMHSA
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This report presents State estimates on substance use or
mental illness problems from the combined 2002 and 2003
National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUHs), formerly
called the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA).
The report provides estimates for 21 different measures
related to substance use or mental illness based on the pooled
2002 and 2003 NSDUH data. Methodological changes introduced
in 2002 affected respondent participation rates and response
patterns, resulting in changes in prevalence estimates.
Therefore, the findings from the 2002 and 2003 NSDUHs
should not be compared with results from the 2001 or
earlier NHSDAs. The 2002 survey represented a new baseline
for the State estimates, as well as for the national estimates.
By combining the 2002 and 2003 survey data, the State-level
small area estimates have been improved.
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Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2004
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US Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics
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According to this report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the
nation's prisons and jails held 2,131,180 inmates as of
June 30, 2004. Two-thirds were in federal and state prisons, and
the other third were in local jails. Jail authorities were
supervising an additional 70,548 men and women in the community
in work release, weekend reporting, electronic monitoring and
other alternative programs.
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Aerial Spraying Fails to Reduce Coca Cultivation in Colombia
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Washington Office on Latin America
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This response and analysis from the Washington Office on Latin America
unravels the spin on federal estimates of coca and opium poppy production
in South America, and is a response to the ONDCP analysis listed
immediately below.
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2004 Coca and Opium Poppy Estimates for Colombia and the Andes
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US Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP)
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Official US Government estimates for coca and opium production
in Colombia and the Andes for 2004.
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Are We There Yet? Measuring Progress in the US War on Drugs in Latin America
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Washington Office on Latin America
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In this Dec. 2004 issue of WOLA's Drug War Monitor,
WOLA analyst John M. Walsh looks at federal
estimates of cocaine production, price, purity, and availability.
Drug War Monitor is a publication of WOLA's "Drugs, Democracy
and Human Rights" project, that
examines the impact of drug trafficking and US international drug control
policies on human rights and democratization trends throughout Latin America
and the Caribbean.
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Caught in the Net - Final Report
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American Civil Liberties Union, Break The Chains, and the Brennan
Center for Justice
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Caught in the Net: the Impact of Drug Policies on Women & Families
compiles for the first time existing research on
the effects of current drug laws and sentencing policies on
women and their families. The report is co-authored by
the American Civil Liberties Union, Break The Chains, and the Brennan
Center for Justice and was launched at a national conference of
experts on issues relating to women, families and drugs at NYU
School of Law on March 17th and 18th, 2005.
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Findings: Random Drug-Testing of Schoolchildren
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John Rowntree Foundation (UK)
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Requesting children and young people to provide urine samples as
part of a school-based random drug-testing programme is commonplace
within the United States but relatively rare within the United
Kingdom. However, in 2004 both the Prime Minister, Tony Blair, and
the Leader of the Opposition, Michael Howard, expressed support for
such testing as a way of reducing illegal drug use among pupils:
this high profile political support may make the practice
increasingly common in the UK. This study, by Neil McKeganey,
Professor of Drug Misuse Research at Glasgow University, reviews
the ethics and practicalities of such testing and considers its
likely effectiveness.
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Differences in Patterns of Drug Use Between Women and Men
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European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
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In this technical data sheet gender differences are explored in
European data from three sources: school surveys (1), general
population surveys (2) and drug treatment services (3) in the
European Union. These data suggest that gender differences among
people using drugs and attending drug treatment services, and
the magnitude of these differences, are linked to a number of
different factors. Here the impact of national situation, age of
drug user and types of drug used on observed differences in
patterns of drug consumption is explored in detail. Clearly, other
factors are also likely to be important in influencing these male
to female ratios. The EMCDDA will be preparing a more extensive
special issue on gender in 2006 as part of its annual reporting exercise.
In the European Union men are more likely than women to use illicit drugs.
Gender differences in patterns of drug use are often considerable and
are reflected in the fact that among the clients of drug treatment
services the proportion of women is only around 20%.
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Adult Drug Courts: Evidence Indicates Recidivism Reductions and
Mixed Results for Other Outcomes
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US Government Accountability Office (GAO)
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GAO conducted a systematic review of drug court program research, from which
27 evaluations of 39 adult drug court programs were selected for evaluation.
This report describes the results of that review particularly relating
to recidivism outcomes, substance use relapse, program completion, and the
costs and benefits of drug court programs.
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The Price and Purity of Illicit Drugs: 1981 Through the Second
Quarter of 2003
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US Office of National Drug Control Policy
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This study prepared for ONDCP by the RAND Corporation reports on the
price and purity of cocaine and heroin from 1981 through the middle
of 2003 and is a record of the failure of the US 'drug war' approach.
Dated November 2004, this publication was withheld from
the public until February 2005, one day following the release
of ONDCP's National Drug Control Strategy.
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Medical Uses of Marijuana: Opinions of
US Residents 45+
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AARP
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This study reports the opinions of American adults aged 45 and over
regarding the medical uses of marijuana. It was made available through
AARP's website in early 2005.
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Cerebrovascular Perfusion in Marijuana Users During a Month
of Monitored Abstinence
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The Journal Neurology
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Report of NIDA-funded research into effect of marijuana use on
bloodflow through the brain. Published by the journal Neurology
in Feb. 2005.
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Effects of an Intensive Street-Level Police Intervention
on Syringe Exchange Program Use in Philadelphia, PA
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American Journal of Public Health
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This study analyzes the effects of an intensive long-term street-level
police intervention on syring exchange program use in Philadelphia.
Published by the American Journal of Public Health in
Feb. 2005.
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Prisoners in 2003
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US Dept. of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics
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Annual report providing detailed demographic information about
the nation's prison population. Issued in Nov. 2004.
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International Comparisons of Criminal Justice Statistics 2001
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UK Home Office Research Development & Statistics Directorate
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This bulletin brings together statistical information on criminal
justice collected by the UK Home Office and the Council of Europe.
The data covers all the European Union Member States, the EU
accession countries and selected other countries, including the
United States. Issued Oct. 24, 2003.
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World Prison Population List (5th Edition)
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UK Home Office Research Development & Statistics Directorate
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The World Prison Population List gives details on the number of
prisoners held in 205 independent countries and dependent territories.
It shows the differences in the level of imprisonment across the
world and makes possible an estimate of the world prison population
total. Issued in 2003.
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Prisoners in 2001
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US Dept. of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics
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Annual report providing detailed demographic information about
the nation's prison population. Issued in July 2002.
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Federal Drug Offenders 1999, with Trends 1984-1999
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US Dept. of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics
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This report provides data on the tremendous growth in the number of
drug offenders being processed by the federal system as well as
the average sentence length. Issued in August 2001.
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Prisoners In 2000
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US Dept. of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics |
This annual report provides detailed demographic information about the nation's prison population. Issued in August 2001. |
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| Report and Recommendations of
NM Governor Gary Johnson's Drug Policy Advisory Group
| Drug Policy Advisory Group, Office of New Mexico
Governor Gary Johnson (R) |
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report, by a committee appointed by Governor Gary Johnson (R)
of New Mexico, urges the state to adopt harm reduction policies and to
emphasize public health over law enforcement in controlling drug abuse.
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| | Marijuana Use By Young People in Europe Compared With
the US | UN World Health Organization |
| This file contains four pages of charts and tables
from a UN World Health Organization study which found that US youth have
a much higher rate of marijuana use than youth in Europe. The full
report, "Drinks, Drugs and 16 year olds: New Findings for 30
European Countries Announced; The European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs," was issued Feb. 20, 2001, and is available from the WHO's Conference on Young People and Alcohol website. |
| | Drug Control: Challenges in Implementing Plan Colombia | General Accounting Office |
| Statement of Jess T. Ford, Director, International Affairs and Trade, GAO, Before the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources, Committee on Government Reform, US House of Representatives, Oct. 12. 2000. |
| | What America's Users Spend On Illegal Drugs: 1988-1998 | Office of National Drug Control Policy |
| Issued Dec. 2000, this analysis prepared by Abt Associates for ONDCP attempts to estimate the number of drug users in the US and how much they spent on illicit drugs. |
| | Adolescent Drug Use and Drug Control Efforts | Common Sense for Drug Policy |
| An excellent two page summary of adolescent drug use and federal efforts to combat the use of illegal drugs by minors. |
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| | The Business of Drug Dealing in Milwaukee | Wisconsin Policy Research Institute |
| An in-depth examination of drug dealing in the city of Milwaukee. It considers the rationality of drug dealing as a survival strategy, provides information on race, income, and other relevant characteristics of drug dealers. |
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| | Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies in 1996 | Bureau of Justice Statistics |
| This report tabulates the number of police officers in the United States.
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Drug Testing: A Bad Investment
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American Civil Liberties Union
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| Findings of the National Academy of Sciences and other unbiased sources. |
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| | Drug Use in the United States and the Netherlands | Common Sense for Drug Policy |
| This brief fact sheet compares the Netherlands and the United States on four major social indicators: adolescent marijuana use, homicide, heroin addiction, and drug-law enforcement costs. |
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| | Evaluation of Drug Testing & Education Fund after First Year | Arizona Supreme Court |
| This report from the Arizona State Supreme Court analyzes the performance of Arizona's Drug Treatment & Education Fund, which provides for offenders to be put into drug treatment as an alternative to incarceration. |
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| | Drug Data Fact Sheet | Office of National Drug Control Policy |
| A six page fact sheet compiled by the ONDCP to summarize drug use and control statistics. |
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| | Federal Prison Industries | General Accounting Office |
| This report examines the scope and efficiency of industries operated within prisons and by prison laborers. |
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| | Law Enforcement: Information on Drug Related Police Corruption | General Accounting Office |
| Examines the prevalence of drug related corruption in police forces in the United States. |
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| | Prisoners in 1999 | Bureau of Justice Statistics |
| This report provides information on the number of prisoners in the United States. |
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| | Probation and Parole 1998 | Bureau of Justice Statistics |
| This report summarizes data on offenders serving probation or parole in the fifty states and the Federal system. |
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| | Substance Abuse and Treatment in State and Federal Prisons, 1997 | Bureau of Justice Statistics |
| This report details substance abuse and treatment services and needs in prisons in the Federal and state corrections systems. |
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| | Women Offenders | Bureau of Justice Statistics |
| This report from the Department of Justice provides demographic information about female offenders in the US justice system. |
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| | Places of Drug Purchase in The Netherlands | Center for Drug Research (CEDRO) |
| This report from the Center for Drug Research at the University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, details how and where drugs, particularly cannabis, are sold in The Netherlands. |
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| | Prevalence of Drug Use in The Netherlands
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Center for Drug Research (CEDRO)
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This report from the Center for Drug Research at the University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, details the prevalence of drug use among the population of The Netherlands.
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Comparison of European Drug Laws and Analysis of Drug Policy in the UK.
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DrugScope
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This report compares and contrasts European drug laws with those in the United Kingdom.
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